528 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
528 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
<!-- TOC -->
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- [hostname/hostnamectl](#hostnamehostnamectl)
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- [Update](#update)
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- [Debian / Ubuntu](#debian--ubuntu)
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- [Fedora](#fedora)
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- [ls](#ls)
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- [Users](#users)
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- [hostame](#hostame)
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- [static ip](#static-ip)
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- [Disks](#disks)
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- [mount](#mount)
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- [gio](#gio)
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- [mount samba share](#mount-samba-share)
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- [unmount](#unmount)
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- [File System](#file-system)
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- [ext4](#ext4)
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- [ext3](#ext3)
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- [exFat](#exfat)
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- [ntfs](#ntfs)
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- [space usage](#space-usage)
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- [Manutenção de discos](#manutenção-de-discos)
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- [tar](#tar)
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- [SSH](#ssh)
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- [Create key](#create-key)
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- [Copy public key](#copy-public-key)
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- [Add existing Key](#add-existing-key)
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- [alias](#alias)
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- [Benchmarking](#benchmarking)
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- [themes](#themes)
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- [shell](#shell)
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- [terminal](#terminal)
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- [Backups](#backups)
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- [bash](#bash)
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- [disable touh screen](#disable-touh-screen)
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- [disable suspend blackscreen](#disable-suspend-blackscreen)
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- [lightdm auto login](#lightdm-auto-login)
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- [btop](#btop)
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- [Setup](#setup)
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- [Debian & Ubuntu](#debian--ubuntu)
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- [lspci](#lspci)
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- [gnome files / nautilus](#gnome-files--nautilus)
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<!-- /TOC -->
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# Linux
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## hostname/hostnamectl
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```bash
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#get hostname
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hostname
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#set hostname
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hostnamectl
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```
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## Update
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### Debian / Ubuntu
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```bash
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apt update -y
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apt upgrade -y
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apt autoremove -y
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```
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References:
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[https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/update-packages/sudo-apt-update/](https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/update-packages/sudo-apt-update/)
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### Fedora
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```bash
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dnf
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```
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References:
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[https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-vs-apt/](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-vs-apt/)
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## ls
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List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
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```bash
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#order by date
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ls -t
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#order by date reverse
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ls -r
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```
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source: man
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## Users
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```bash
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#create
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useradd USERNAME
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# create with home directory
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useradd -m USERNAME
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#remove
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userdel USERNAME
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#useradd -r USERNAME
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passwd
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passwd USERNAME
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groups
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groupadd GROUPNAME
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groups USERNAME
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usermod -a -G GROUPNAME USERNAME
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chown [-c|--changes] [-v|--verbose] [-f|--silent|--quiet] [--dereference]
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[-h|--no-dereference] [--preserve-root]
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[--from=currentowner:currentgroup] [--no-preserve-root]
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[-R|--recursive] [--preserve-root] [-H] [-L] [-P]
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{new-owner|--reference=ref-file} file ...
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```
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## hostame
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```
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sudo nano /etc/hostname
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#alterar o nome
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sudo nano /etc/hosts
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#alterar o nome
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Static IP
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A configuração para um ip estático poderá ser um pouco diferente de distribuição para distribuição mas a lógica é similar
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```
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## static ip
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Debian
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sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
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Exemplo de configuração
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```
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# neste exemplo de configuração a place de rede tem o nome enxd0374555c1f8
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# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
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# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
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source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
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# The loopback network interface
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auto lo
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iface lo inet loopback
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# The primary network interface
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allow-hotplug enxd0374555c1f8
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iface enxd0374555c1f8 inet static
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address 192.168.0.2
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.0.1
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dns-nameservers 89.207.128.252 89.207.130.252
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Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador
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```
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```
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Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador
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#sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
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```
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## Disks
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File System & Space Usage
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```
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df -h
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```
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List physical disks and partition size
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```
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lsblk
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```
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List partition ids
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```
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blkid /dev/sdc1
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```
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Partition Manager
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```
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fdisk /dev/<DISK NAME>
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#Example:
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fdisk /dev/sdc
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#Partições como mais de 2 TB
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sudo parted /dev/sdc
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#(parted) mklabel gpt
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#alterar para a unidade de medida que desejar
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#(parted) unit TB
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#ver espaço livre
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(parted) print free
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#criar partição com espaço livre (exemplo:4 Teras)
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mkpart primary ext4 0 4
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#Formatar uma partição
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```
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## mount
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Mount partion on boot fstab
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```
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nano /etc/fstabexemplo de alias
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```
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ext4 example
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```
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#add line
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PARTUUID=<PARTUUID GIVEN blksid> <FOLDER WHERE TO MOUNT> ext4 defaults,nofail 0 02
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```
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Mount fstab partions without reboot
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```
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mount -a
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```
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smb share
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Create credentials file
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```
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#/home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan
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username=shareuser
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password=sharepassword
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domain=domain_or_workgroupname
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```
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Secure credentials file permission
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```
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chmod 0600 /home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan
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```
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Add line
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```
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#/etc/fstab
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//nas.lan/homes /mnt/smb-share:mf@nas.lan,share=homes cifs credentials=/home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan,uid=1000,gid=1000,nofail 0 0
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```
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## gio
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### mount samba share
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```bash
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#/home/username/.credentials
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#username
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#SAMBA
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#password
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gio mount smb://server/share < /home/username/.credentials
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```
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### unmount
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```bash
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gio mount -u smb://server/share
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```
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## File System
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### ext4
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mkfs.ext4 _filesys_
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Example
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```
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
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```
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### ext3
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mkfs.ext3 _filesys_
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Example
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```
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mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
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#exFat
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mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1
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```
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### exFat
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mkfs.exfat _filesys_
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```
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mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1
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```
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### ntfs
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```
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apt-get install ntfs-3g
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mkntfs --fast --label Backups /dev/sdc1
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```
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## space usage
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df
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df -h
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du -h --max-depth=1
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## Manutenção de discos
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Bad Sectors
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sudo e2fsck -cfpv /dev/sda1
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O Exemplo foi com o disco sda1 mas deverá ser subsituido pelo disco desejado
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Os parâmetros têm os seguintes significados:
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“c” procura por blocos defeituosos e os adiciona à lista
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“f” força uma verificação no sistema de arquivos
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“p” repara qualquer coisa que possa ser reparada com segurança
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“v” está no modo detalhado. você pode ver o progresso do comando
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Esse comando pode levar muito tempo para ser executado, até várias horas em uma unidade particularmente grande.
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## tar
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A utilização o comando tar é uma das formas de comprimir no linux
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```
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tar -cvf --exclude='.cache' --exclude='Cache' --exclude='.cache' --exclude='.tmp' --exclude='tmp' /tmp/nomedoficheiro.tar.gz /PATHPARAFICEHIROOUDIRECTORIO
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#Caso seja necessário paralelismo
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tar -I pigz -cvf - /fileserver/media/music/*
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#Se for necessário limitar o tamanho do ficheiro compresso (dividindo em multiplos ficheiros)
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tar -I pigz -cvf - /sourcefolder/* | split --bytes=8GB - /tmp/file.tar.gz
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```
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## SSH
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### Create key
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521
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#or
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ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521 -f ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa
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```
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### Copy public key
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```bashssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh//ey-ecdsa.pub example_user@192.0.2.4
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```
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### Add existing Key
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```bash
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ssh-add ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa
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```
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### alias
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```bash
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Host srv01
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HostName srv01.lan
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User john
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RemoteCommand cd ~/; exec bash --login
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RequestTTY yes
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```
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## Benchmarking
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Discos
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sudo apt install hdparm
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sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdc
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## themes
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- https://github.com/EliverLara/Nordic
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### shell
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- zsh
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```bash
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sudo apt install zsh
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chsh -s /bin/zsh $whoami
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sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline
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#source https://ohmyz.sh/#install
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ssh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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#~/home/.zshrc
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#ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
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```
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### terminal
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- guake
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```bash
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apt install guake
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```
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```bash
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# ~/.config/autostart/guake.desktop
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[Desktop Entry]
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Name=guake
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GenericName=guake auto start
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Comment=
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Exec=guake --hide
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Terminal=false
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Type=Application
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X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
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```
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- terminator
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```bash
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apt install terminator
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```
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## Backups
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### bash
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```bash
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tar -cvpzf "/vault/.backups/devices/homeserver/tar/backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S").tar.gz \
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--exclude=/proc \
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--exclude=/tmp \
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--exclude=/mnt \
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--exclude=/dev \
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--exclude=/sys \
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--exclude=/run \
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--exclude=/media \
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--one-file-system \
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/
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```
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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gio mount ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan < ~/.credentials/ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan
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DATE=$(date +%d-%m-%Y)
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BACKUP_DIR="/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=backupsrv01.dev.lan,user=ftp.backups/mf.brutus.dev.lan"
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#To backup 2daygeek's home directory
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tar -zcvpf $BACKUP_DIR/home-mf_$DATE.tar.gz --exclude="**/.tmp/*" --exclude="**/Downloads/*" --exclude="**/.cache/*" --exclude="**/Trash/*" --exclude="**/cache/*" /home/mf
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#To delete files older than 10 days
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find $BACKUP_DIR/* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;
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gio mount -u ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan
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```
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## disable touh screen
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``` bash
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sudo apt-get -y install xinput
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xinput
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```
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Run xinput to list out the input devices. Your touchscreen should show as one of the "pointers".
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xinput disable "NTRG0001:01 1B96:1B05" (your device ID may differ than mine)
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Add this to your ~/.profile or such to do automatically upon login
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xinput disable "NTRG0001:01 1B96:1B05"
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Source: https://askubuntu.com/questions/759335/how-to-disable-a-touchscreen-on-surface-pro-3
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## disable suspend blackscreen
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```bash
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# /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
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[Seat:*]
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xserver-command=X -s 0 dpms
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```
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## lightdm auto login
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```bash
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# /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
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[SeatDefaults]
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autologin-user=public
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autologin-user-timeout=5
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# Uncomment the following, if running Unity
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#greeter-session=unity-greeter
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```
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## btop
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### Setup
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#### Debian & Ubuntu
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```bash
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apt update && apt install btop -y
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```
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## lspci
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Displays information about each PCI bus on your system. This includes information about the devices connected to the PCI subsystem.
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lspci [options]
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| Option | Description |
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| -------- | ------------- |
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| -v | Verbose |
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``` bash
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lspci -v
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```
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## gnome files / nautilus
|
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|
|
https://www.maketecheasier.com/useful-nautlius-tweaks-linux/
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