• hostname/hostnamectl
• Update
  • Debian / Ubuntu
  • Fedora
• ls
• Users
• hostame
• static ip
• Disks
• mount
• gio
  • mount samba share
  • unmount
• File System
  • ext4
  • ext3
  • exFat
  • ntfs
• space usage
• Manutenção de discos
• tar
• SSH
  • Create key
  • Copy public key
  • Add existing Key
  • alias
• Benchmarking
• themes
  • shell
  • terminal
• Backups
  • bash
• disable touh screen
• disable suspend blackscreen
• lightdm auto login
• btop
  • Setup
    • Debian & Ubuntu
• lspci
• gnome files / nautilus

Linux

hostname/hostnamectl

#get hostname
hostname

#set hostname
hostnamectl

Update

Debian / Ubuntu

apt update -y
apt upgrade -y 
apt autoremove -y

References:
https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/update-packages/sudo-apt-update/

Fedora

dnf

References:
https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-vs-apt/

ls

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).

#order by date 
ls -t

#order by date reverse
ls -r

source: man

Users

#create
useradd USERNAME
# create with home directory
useradd -m USERNAME

#remove
userdel USERNAME
#useradd -r USERNAME
passwd
passwd USERNAME
groups
groupadd GROUPNAME
groups USERNAME
usermod -a -G GROUPNAME USERNAME

chown [-c|--changes] [-v|--verbose] [-f|--silent|--quiet] [--dereference]
      [-h|--no-dereference] [--preserve-root]
      [--from=currentowner:currentgroup] [--no-preserve-root]
      [-R|--recursive] [--preserve-root] [-H] [-L] [-P]
      {new-owner|--reference=ref-file} file ...

hostame

sudo nano /etc/hostname
#alterar o nome
sudo nano /etc/hosts
#alterar o nome
Static IP
A configuração para um ip estático poderá ser um pouco diferente de distribuição para distribuição mas a lógica é similar

static ip

Debian sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces Exemplo de configuração

# neste exemplo de configuração a place de rede tem o nome enxd0374555c1f8 

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface

allow-hotplug enxd0374555c1f8
iface enxd0374555c1f8 inet static
  address 192.168.0.2
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.0.1
  dns-nameservers 89.207.128.252 89.207.130.252
Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador

Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador
#sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Disks

File System & Space Usage

df -h

List physical disks and partition size

lsblk

List partition ids

blkid /dev/sdc1

Partition Manager

fdisk /dev/<DISK NAME>
#Example:
fdisk /dev/sdc

#Partições como mais de 2 TB
sudo parted /dev/sdc
#(parted) mklabel gpt
#alterar para a unidade de medida que desejar
#(parted) unit TB
#ver espaço livre
(parted) print free
#criar partição com espaço livre (exemplo:4 Teras)
mkpart primary ext4 0 4
#Formatar uma partição

mount

Mount partion on boot fstab

nano /etc/fstabexemplo de alias

ext4 example

#add line
PARTUUID=<PARTUUID GIVEN blksid>  <FOLDER WHERE TO MOUNT> ext4 defaults,nofail 0 02

Mount fstab partions without reboot

mount -a

smb share

Create credentials file

#/home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan
username=shareuser
password=sharepassword
domain=domain_or_workgroupname

Secure credentials file permission

chmod 0600 /home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan

Add line

#/etc/fstab
//nas.lan/homes /mnt/smb-share:mf@nas.lan,share=homes cifs credentials=/home/mf/.credentials/smb:mf@nas.lan,uid=1000,gid=1000,nofail 0 0

gio

mount samba share

#/home/username/.credentials
#username
#SAMBA
#password
gio mount smb://server/share < /home/username/.credentials

unmount

gio mount -u smb://server/share

File System

ext4

mkfs.ext4 filesys

Example

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

ext3

mkfs.ext3 filesys

Example

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
#exFat
mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1

exFat

mkfs.exfat filesys

mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1

ntfs

apt-get install ntfs-3g
mkntfs --fast --label Backups /dev/sdc1

space usage

df

df -h

du -h --max-depth=1

Manutenção de discos

Bad Sectors sudo e2fsck -cfpv /dev/sda1 O Exemplo foi com o disco sda1 mas deverá ser subsituido pelo disco desejado

Os parâmetros têm os seguintes significados:

“c” procura por blocos defeituosos e os adiciona à lista

“f” força uma verificação no sistema de arquivos

“p” repara qualquer coisa que possa ser reparada com segurança

“v” está no modo detalhado. você pode ver o progresso do comando

Esse comando pode levar muito tempo para ser executado, até várias horas em uma unidade particularmente grande.

tar

A utilização o comando tar é uma das formas de comprimir no linux

tar -cvf --exclude='.cache' --exclude='Cache'  --exclude='.cache' --exclude='.tmp' --exclude='tmp' /tmp/nomedoficheiro.tar.gz /PATHPARAFICEHIROOUDIRECTORIO

#Caso seja necessário paralelismo
tar -I pigz -cvf - /fileserver/media/music/*

#Se for necessário limitar o tamanho do ficheiro compresso (dividindo em multiplos ficheiros)
tar -I pigz -cvf - /sourcefolder/* | split --bytes=8GB - /tmp/file.tar.gz

SSH

Create key

ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521
#or
ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521 -f ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa

Copy public key

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh//ey-ecdsa.pub example_user@192.0.2.4

Add existing Key

ssh-add ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa

alias

Host srv01
    HostName srv01.lan
    User john
    RemoteCommand cd ~/; exec bash --login
    RequestTTY yes

Benchmarking

Discos sudo apt install hdparm sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdc

themes

• https://github.com/EliverLara/Nordic

shell

• zsh

sudo apt install zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh $whoami
sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline

#source https://ohmyz.sh/#install
ssh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

#~/home/.zshrc
#ZSH_THEME="agnoster"

terminal

• guake

apt install guake

# ~/.config/autostart/guake.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=guake
GenericName=guake auto start
Comment=
Exec=guake --hide
Terminal=false
Type=Application
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

• terminator

apt install terminator

Backups

bash

tar -cvpzf "/vault/.backups/devices/homeserver/tar/backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S").tar.gz \
--exclude=/proc \
--exclude=/tmp \
--exclude=/mnt \
--exclude=/dev \
--exclude=/sys \
--exclude=/run \
--exclude=/media \
--one-file-system \
/

#!/bin/bash
gio mount ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan < ~/.credentials/ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan

DATE=$(date +%d-%m-%Y)
BACKUP_DIR="/run/user/1000/gvfs/ftp:host=backupsrv01.dev.lan,user=ftp.backups/mf.brutus.dev.lan"

#To backup 2daygeek's home directory
tar -zcvpf $BACKUP_DIR/home-mf_$DATE.tar.gz --exclude="**/.tmp/*" --exclude="**/Downloads/*" --exclude="**/.cache/*" --exclude="**/Trash/*" --exclude="**/cache/*"  /home/mf

#To delete files older than 10 days
find $BACKUP_DIR/* -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;

gio mount -u ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan

disable touh screen

sudo apt-get -y install xinput
xinput

Run xinput to list out the input devices. Your touchscreen should show as one of the "pointers".

xinput disable "NTRG0001:01 1B96:1B05" (your device ID may differ than mine)

Add this to your ~/.profile or such to do automatically upon login xinput disable "NTRG0001:01 1B96:1B05"

Source: https://askubuntu.com/questions/759335/how-to-disable-a-touchscreen-on-surface-pro-3

disable suspend blackscreen

# /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
[Seat:*]
xserver-command=X -s 0 dpms

lightdm auto login

# /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
[SeatDefaults]
autologin-user=public
autologin-user-timeout=5
# Uncomment the following, if running Unity
#greeter-session=unity-greeter

btop

Setup

Debian & Ubuntu

apt update && apt install btop -y

lspci

Displays information about each PCI bus on your system. This includes information about the devices connected to the PCI subsystem.

lspci [options]

Option	Description
-v	Verbose

lspci -v

gnome files / nautilus

https://www.maketecheasier.com/useful-nautlius-tweaks-linux/