diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index dafd5f7..bc99f18 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,34 +1,92 @@ + +- [hostname/hostnamectl](#hostnamehostnamectl) +- [Update](#update) + - [Debian / Ubuntu](#debian--ubuntu) + - [Fedora](#fedora) +- [ls](#ls) +- [Users](#users) +- [hostame](#hostame) +- [static ip](#static-ip) +- [Disks](#disks) +- [mount](#mount) +- [gio](#gio) + - [mount samba share](#mount-samba-share) + - [unmount](#unmount) +- [File System](#file-system) + - [ext4](#ext4) + - [ext3](#ext3) + - [exFat](#exfat) + - [ntfs](#ntfs) +- [space usage](#space-usage) +- [Manutenção de discos](#manutenção-de-discos) +- [tar](#tar) +- [SSH](#ssh) + - [Create key](#create-key) + - [Copy public key](#copy-public-key) + - [Add existing Key](#add-existing-key) + - [alias](#alias) +- [Benchmarking](#benchmarking) +- [themes](#themes) + - [shell](#shell) + - [terminal](#terminal) +- [Backups](#backups) + - [bash](#bash) +- [disable touh screen](#disable-touh-screen) +- [disable suspend blackscreen](#disable-suspend-blackscreen) +- [lightdm auto login](#lightdm-auto-login) +- [btop](#btop) + - [Setup](#setup) + - [Debian & Ubuntu](#debian--ubuntu) +- [lspci](#lspci) +- [gnome files / nautilus](#gnome-files--nautilus) + + # Linux -## Comands +## hostname/hostnamectl ```bash - -# OS information -hostnamectl - #get hostname hostname -#system update - -sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y +#set hostname +hostnamectl ``` +## Update + +### Debian / Ubuntu + +```bash +apt update -y +apt upgrade -y +apt autoremove -y +``` + +References: +[https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/update-packages/sudo-apt-update/](https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/update-packages/sudo-apt-update/) + +### Fedora + +```bash +dnf +``` + +References: +[https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-vs-apt/](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-vs-apt/) ## ls - List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. +List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). - - ```bash - #order by date - ls -t +```bash +#order by date +ls -t #order by date reverse ls -r - ``` +``` source: man @@ -56,7 +114,9 @@ chown [-c|--changes] [-v|--verbose] [-f|--silent|--quiet] [--dereference] [-R|--recursive] [--preserve-root] [-H] [-L] [-P] {new-owner|--reference=ref-file} file ... ``` + ## hostame + ``` sudo nano /etc/hostname #alterar o nome @@ -69,8 +129,9 @@ A configuração para um ip estático poderá ser um pouco diferente de distribu ## static ip Debian - sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces +sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces Exemplo de configuração + ``` # neste exemplo de configuração a place de rede tem o nome enxd0374555c1f8 @@ -93,6 +154,7 @@ iface enxd0374555c1f8 inet static dns-nameservers 89.207.128.252 89.207.130.252 Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador ``` + ``` Reiniciar configuração sem reboot de computador #sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart @@ -118,8 +180,8 @@ List partition ids blkid /dev/sdc1 ``` - Partition Manager + ``` fdisk /dev/ #Example: @@ -136,21 +198,22 @@ sudo parted /dev/sdc mkpart primary ext4 0 4 #Formatar uma partição ``` -## mount + +## mount Mount partion on boot fstab ``` -nano /etc/fstab +nano /etc/fstabexemplo de alias ``` ext4 example + ``` #add line PARTUUID= ext4 defaults,nofail 0 02 ``` - Mount fstab partions without reboot ``` @@ -184,6 +247,7 @@ Add line ## gio ### mount samba share + ```bash #/home/username/.credentials #username @@ -198,7 +262,6 @@ gio mount smb://server/share < /home/username/.credentials gio mount -u smb://server/share ``` - ## File System ### ext4 @@ -206,6 +269,7 @@ gio mount -u smb://server/share mkfs.ext4 _filesys_ Example + ``` mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 ``` @@ -215,6 +279,7 @@ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext3 _filesys_ Example + ``` mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 #exFat @@ -225,6 +290,7 @@ mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1 ### exFat mkfs.exfat _filesys_ + ``` mkfs.exfat /dev/sdc1 ``` @@ -238,16 +304,16 @@ mkntfs --fast --label Backups /dev/sdc1 ## space usage -df +df -df -h +df -h -du -h --max-depth=1 +du -h --max-depth=1 ## Manutenção de discos Bad Sectors - sudo e2fsck -cfpv /dev/sda1 +sudo e2fsck -cfpv /dev/sda1 O Exemplo foi com o disco sda1 mas deverá ser subsituido pelo disco desejado Os parâmetros têm os seguintes significados: @@ -265,6 +331,7 @@ Esse comando pode levar muito tempo para ser executado, até várias horas em um ## tar A utilização o comando tar é uma das formas de comprimir no linux + ``` tar -cvf --exclude='.cache' --exclude='Cache' --exclude='.cache' --exclude='.tmp' --exclude='tmp' /tmp/nomedoficheiro.tar.gz /PATHPARAFICEHIROOUDIRECTORIO @@ -273,61 +340,57 @@ tar -I pigz -cvf - /fileserver/media/music/* #Se for necessário limitar o tamanho do ficheiro compresso (dividindo em multiplos ficheiros) tar -I pigz -cvf - /sourcefolder/* | split --bytes=8GB - /tmp/file.tar.gz - ``` +``` ## SSH -para executar comandos por ssh que usem o display do servidor, começar por executar: -export DISPLAY=:0 -screen -Para mais informações como manter o comando a executar mesmo que termine a sessão de ssh consultar:Screen +### Create key -sem password -criar chaves (publica e privada) no cliente -``` +```bash ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521 -Se for necessário controlar o nome do ficheiro +#or +ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521 -f ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa -#substituir ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa/mf-key-ecdsa com o path de destino e o nome pretendido -# o directório tem que existir, por isso se não existir: -# mkdir ~/ssh/id_ecdsa -ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521 -f ~/.ssh/mf-key-ecdsa -copiar a chave para o servidor - -ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh//mf-key-ecdsa.pub example_user@192.0.2.4 -testar o ssh para ver se funcionou (ou seja não pede a password) - -ssh example_user@192.0.2.4 -se pedir a password e indicar algo semelhante a It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others. será necessario rever as permissões do ficheiro indicado na informação Exemplo: - -chmod g-rwx,o-rwx ~/.ssh/mf-key-ecdsa -Para adicionar o chave existente no ssh-agent (só necessario se a chave privada for copiada de outro sitio) ``` -eval `ssh-agent` -ssh-add pathenomedoficheiro +### Copy public key -Caso o servidor de SSH seja em windows e necessario alterara segraunça do authorized_keys +```bashssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 +ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh//ey-ecdsa.pub example_user@192.0.2.4 +``` -get-acl c:\ProgramData\ssh\ssh_host_dsa_key | set-acl C:\Users\[username]\.ssh\authorized_keys +### Add existing Key +```bash +ssh-add ~/.ssh/key-ecdsa +``` +### alias + +```bash +Host srv01 + HostName srv01.lan + User john + RemoteCommand cd ~/; exec bash --login + RequestTTY yes +``` ## Benchmarking + Discos sudo apt install hdparm sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdc - ## themes - - https://github.com/EliverLara/Nordic - ### shell +- https://github.com/EliverLara/Nordic + +### shell - zsh -``` bash +```bash sudo apt install zsh chsh -s /bin/zsh $whoami sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline @@ -339,18 +402,17 @@ ssh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/ma #ZSH_THEME="agnoster" ``` + ### terminal +- guake - - guake - -``` bash +```bash apt install guake - ``` - - ``` bash +``` +```bash # ~/.config/autostart/guake.desktop - [Desktop Entry] +[Desktop Entry] Name=guake GenericName=guake auto start Comment= @@ -362,14 +424,15 @@ X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true - terminator -``` bash +```bash apt install terminator - ``` - +``` ## Backups -``` bash +### bash + +```bash tar -cvpzf "/vault/.backups/devices/homeserver/tar/backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S").tar.gz \ --exclude=/proc \ --exclude=/tmp \ @@ -382,7 +445,7 @@ tar -cvpzf "/vault/.backups/devices/homeserver/tar/backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S" / ``` -``` bash +```bash #!/bin/bash gio mount ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan < ~/.credentials/ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan @@ -400,7 +463,8 @@ gio mount -u ftp://ftp.backups@backupsrv01.dev.lan ``` ## disable touh screen -``` + +``` bash sudo apt-get -y install xinput xinput ``` @@ -421,7 +485,6 @@ Source: https://askubuntu.com/questions/759335/how-to-disable-a-touchscreen-on-s [Seat:*] xserver-command=X -s 0 dpms ``` - ## lightdm auto login ```bash @@ -433,13 +496,12 @@ autologin-user-timeout=5 #greeter-session=unity-greeter ``` - - ## btop ### Setup #### Debian & Ubuntu + ```bash apt update && apt install btop -y ``` @@ -450,10 +512,13 @@ Displays information about each PCI bus on your system. This includes informatio lspci [options] -| Option |Description | -|--------|----------------------------------------------------| -| -v | Verbose | -``` + +| Option | Description | +| -------- | ------------- | +| -v | Verbose | + + +``` bash lspci -v ```